The Ill-Imani (Aymara) is the 2nd highest peak (6,460m/21,200ft)on the Bolivian Andes, after Nevado Sajama, and the 18th highest peak in South America, towering on the SouthEastern skyline from La Paz, Bolivia's capital.
The Ill-Imani is the highest Peak in the Cordillera Real (part of the Cordillera Oriental, a subrange of the Andes) of Western Bolivia. It lies near the cities of El Alto, 2nd-largest city (974,754 inhabitants) and the highest major metropolis in the World, with an average elevation of 4,150m/13,615ft; and La Paz (Chuqui Yapu in Aymara), Bolivia's 3rd most populous city, after El Alto and Santa Cruz, the seat of the country's government and capital of La Paz Department, at an elevation of roughly 3,650m / 11,975ft above sea level. Ill-Imani is quite visible from the cities of El Alto and La Paz, and is their major landmark.
The Cordillera Real is located SouthEast of Lake Titicaca, and East of the Bolivian capital of La Paz in the South American. This Range of fold mountains were formed by orogeny forces responsible for large structural deformation on the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle due to the interaction between tectonic plates. It measures 125 km in length and 20 km in width. Despite the fact that it is only 17 degrees South of the Equator, the Cordillera Real is relatively densely glaciated. This is due to its proximity to the Amazon Lowlands with its associated moist air masses.
Geologically, the bulk of the Cordillera Real is largely composed of granite. Granite is a type of igneous rock granular grain size in texture always massive, lacking any internal structures, hard, tough, and therefore used as a construction stone.
The Cordillera Oriental are parallel Mountain Ranges of the Bolivian Andes placed on the Eastern and North Eastern margin of the Andes. Large parts of the Cordillera are forested and humid areas rich in agricultural and livestock products.
Geologically the Cordillera Oriental is formed by the Central Andean fold and thrust belt, that is a series of Mountainous foothills adjacent to an orogenic belt, which forms due to contractional tectonics.
The Ill-Imani's 150-foot summit crest sends glaciers sprawling down its flanks on all sides. The snow line lies about 4,570m/15,000ft above sea level, and glaciers are found on the Northern face at 4,983m/16,350ft. The Mountain has 4 main peaks; the highest is the South summit, Nevado Ill-Imani, which is a popular ascent for locals and international mountain climbers.
Ill-Imani was first attempted by an European climber in 1877. The French-Austrian explorer Charles Wiener tried to reach the main summit but failed and only did reach a SouthEastern sub-summit on 19 May 1877. Wiener named it the "Pic de Paris," and left a French flag on top of it. In 1898, British climber William Martin Conway and 2 Swiss guides, Maquignaz and Pellissier, made the ascent of the peak, again from the SouthEast. They found a piece of Aymara rope at over 6,000m/20,000ft. proving that the ascent to the peak was already achieved by the Aymara people of the region as an everyday task.
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